「資訊主管」的相似工作

1.負責集團資訊系統的整合、規劃、建置、優化、維護。 2.各部門之間資訊需求之協調與溝通，確保資訊設備運作順暢。 3.編列年度預算，控制資訊相關之預算與支出，定期資訊設備資產盤點。 4.資訊機房設備管理和維護管理，包含UPS/Server/相關軟硬體設備…等。 5.協助組織資安規劃，提升資訊安全與數位韌性。 6.專案及主管交辦事項規劃、執行。 7.MIS日常維護性工作

1. 資訊策略規劃與管理 2.資訊系統管理與維護 3.團隊管理與領導 4.資訊安全與合規 5.協助公司導入和應用各種資訊系統，如ERP、MES 6.處理主管交辦的其他事項

1.網路防火牆管理維護 2.機房網路設備維運服務及相關應用 (L2/L3 Related Application) 3.各分店機房設備及雲端伺服器管理維運。 4.IDC機房相關資訊設備及電信交換機管理與維護 5.依循集團資安政策之合規管理與協助資訊專案推動

Do you thrive on innovation and using technology to drive business growth? Are you a strategic thinker with a passion for retail? We're looking for a visionary IT/MIS Director to lead our technology strategy and transform our retail operations. What you'll do: -Be the Architect: Collaborate with business leaders to develop a cutting-edge IT roadmap that aligns with our overall business objectives and fuels our ambitious growth plans. You'll design and implement a future-proof IT architecture that optimizes our retail operations, from headquarters to the store floor. -Lead the Charge: Spearhead the implementation of new software, hardware, and data systems across the organization, ensuring seamless integration and user adoption. -Optimize and Innovate: Continuously evaluate and improve our IT infrastructure, identifying opportunities to enhance efficiency, security, and customer experience. -Build Strong Partnerships: Manage relationships with external IT service providers, negotiating contracts and ensuring they deliver high-quality solutions that meet our needs. -Champion Security and Resilience: Develop and enforce robust IT policies and procedures to safeguard our data, protect against cyber threats, and ensure business continuity. -Empower the Team: Provide technical guidance and support to the retail business, ensuring our technology empowers employees and enhances the customer journey. What you'll bring: -Strategic Vision: A proven ability to translate business needs into effective IT solutions, with a focus on innovation and driving digital transformation in a retail environment. -Technical Expertise: Deep understanding of IT systems, infrastructure, and emerging technologies relevant to the retail industry. -Leadership and Collaboration: Exceptional leadership skills, with the ability to build strong relationships, inspire teams, and collaborate effectively with stakeholders at all levels. -Project Management Prowess: A track record of successfully managing complex IT projects, delivering on time and within budget. -Problem-Solving Acumen: Strong analytical and problem-solving skills, with the ability to anticipate and address challenges proactively. If you're a technology leader with a passion for retail and a drive to make a real impact, we encourage you to apply!

1、制定並執行企業中長期 IT 發展策略，確保與公司營運目標一致 2、規劃與優化 ERP（SAP）、MES、EDI、BPM 及其他系統的整合與升級路線 3、制定並落實資安政策，包含網路安全、存取控制、資料保護，確保 IT 系統符合國際及地方法規（如 GDPR、ISO 27001 等） 4、與製造、供應鏈、財務、銷售等部門密切合作，提供 IT 解決方案 5、制定年度 IT 預算並監控執行狀況

1. 規劃與主導公司整體資訊化戰略，涵蓋集團營運所需之IT架構與系統 • 熟悉系統開發生命週期(SDLC)，具備PMP或Scrum實務操作經驗 • 能制定資訊系統年度計畫、預算控管、KPI追蹤與效益評估 • 熟悉委外開發管理、雲端導入規劃(如l：Azure、AWS)、備援與災難復原規劃 • 熟悉系統導入生命週期(SDLC)與專案管理工具(如： Jira、Trello、MS Project) 2. 曾主導或協助企業導入下列任一個以上系統 • MES(製造執行系統)：如 Siemens Opcenter、Apriso、GE Proficy • LIMS／QMS／設備管理系統(EAM) • 熟悉與生產相關的 SOP 電子化、表單簽核、條碼系統、設備連線(IoT)與資料回收 • ERP／BPM／PLM 系統導入與應用經驗 • 有能力導入自動化流程與企業系統整合(RPA、Workflow engine) 3. 程式架構與系統整合能力 • 熟悉一種以上開發語言(如： Java、C#、Python、Node.js) • 熟悉 RESTful API 架構設計，能導入系統串接、資料交換(ETL、API Gateway) • 熟悉 MSSQL / PostgreSQL / Oracle 等關聯式資料庫設計與查詢優化 • 有 DevOps、CI/CD 版本控管(GitLab、GitHub)經驗尤佳 4. 領導資訊安全政策實施，符合T/T03(或ISO 27001)等資安規範 • 有能力建立資訊資產盤點、權限控管、系統存取記錄機制 • 熟悉資安事件通報流程與資安教育訓練制度建置 • 熟悉VPN、防火牆、EDR、SOC等資安技術者佳 5. 統籌內外部IT資源，跨部門溝通並有效導入數位轉型解決方案 6. 管理資訊團隊、招募及培訓種子人員，建立制度化維運與開發機制

Technology Group in Taiwan market (a.k.a. Taiwan IT) consists of: ▪ Cloud Operations under Global Technical Services ▪ OneStore ▪ Infrastructure ▪ Enterprise Systems ▪ Market Service Delivery ▪ IT Procurement & Partnership (ITPP) ▪ IT Projects & Investments (ITPI). This management role is a representative of Technology Group, ensuring IT services provided to market supports an efficient, day-to-day business operation and contributes to business growth by maintaining a high-performance team. Other objectives include: ▪ An IT business partner advocating local business needs in a global IT environment and serves as an IT strategic interface to local business management teams in support of business development, solution discovery & delivery, service management, risk management, and relationship management. ▪ Partner with business & IT leadership teams and other key stakeholders to define opportunities and identify & prioritize initiatives based on predefined criteria (ex. ROI, sales, productivity gain, profit margin, NPS, compliance, etc.). ▪ Standardize and/or align to globalize best practices (ex. design, framework, workflow, etc.) and drive efficiency in IT services provided in market. Change agent. Continuously contribute to an evolving culture of excellence. ▪ Liaise & advocate Franchisees. Ensure profitability and company margin. ▪ Support & liaise IT Business Partner and global IT CoEs (Center of Excellence) on IT delivery, change management, and local IT staff administration. Management and continuous optimization of IT services provided locally and globally in alignment to market needs. ▪ Partner with global CoEs and relevant stakeholders to provide proactive & pre-emptive IT operational planning in growth enablement of 200 stores and beyond. ▪ Request management, system monitoring & maintenance, incident & problem management, asset management, device management, IT procurement, EOL technology refreshment, vendor negotiation & management, technology management, process management, knowledge management, change management, resource management, license & inventory management, support portfolio management, solution renewal & new services planning, information security management, and other relevant IT operational facets. ▪ IT budget management, ensuring cost effectiveness and healthy financial status. ▪ Establish & monitor relevant IT operational KPIs. Improvement upon same. ▪ Remove roadblocks and legacy ways. Streamline, simplify, and develop processes & procedures where it makes business-sense. Identifying problematic areas (ex. market difference) or opportunity to global alignment, develop roadmap, and implement strategic solutions. ▪ Managing the development of the wider team thru trainings, communicating job expectations, evaluating performance, and setting goals for team and members. Domino’s Pizza Enterprise is an international organization. This position requires communication with, but not limited to, Taiwan Executive Team, internal business stakeholders (ex. Marketing, Finance, Sales Operations, Store Development, Franchisee Development, Partnership, Human Resource, etc.), external customers, vendors & service providers, franchise owners, and oversea co-workers (ex. US, Australia, Ireland, Europe, etc.) to perform the role successfully. ▪ Build rapport and maintain professional & effective working relationship with, but not limited to, divisional heads, sectional chiefs, and/or management members to enable operational efficiency, smooth project execution, and business growth.

一. 網絡和系統管理： 1.熟悉網絡基礎設施和協定，包括 TCP/IP、DNS、企業有線與無線網路規劃、建置、管理維護經驗。 2.具備防火牆管理經驗：熟悉防火牆配置、策略設計、事件管理和故障排除。 3.NAC 技術：了解 NAC 系統的部署和管理，能夠實施設備身份驗證和訪問控制。 4.端點防禦技術：掌握終端安全管理工具和技術，包括 XDR、EDR、防毒等技術; 並能夠進行終端設備的資產盤點、與安全配置和管理。 5.具備 Windows、Linux 操作系統的管理經驗。 二. 電子化流程設計與自動化建立： 1.設計並建立資訊資產與變更申請電子表單流程（如：申請人、主管簽核、執行幹事/承辦等節點）。 2.使用 Power Automate(尤佳)、SharePoint、Power Apps 等 M365 工具實現工作流程自動化。 3.整合 M365 EntraID、Email 等系統資源，自動派工或推送通知。 4.協助內部資訊系統流程電子化與表單開發，包括資安、帳號、設備、異動等流程。 5.建立與維護相關系統操作文件與使用者指引。 三. 日誌管理與分析： 1.熟悉日誌管理系統（如 SIEM），能夠設計和實施日誌搜集與監控方案。 2.具備安全事件分析能力，能夠快速識別並響應安全事件。 四. 事件響應和問題解決能力： 1.具備良好的分析和問題解決能力，能夠快速響應和解決安全事件。 2.能夠進行事件調查和取證分析。 五. 溝通與協作能力： 1.良好的溝通能力，能夠與內部團隊、設備或服務供應商、及外部審核機構有效合作。 2.主動積極的工作態度。 3.能夠撰寫和維護安全政策、流程和報告文檔。

1.系統規劃與開發：能獨立規劃與開發行銷、財務、進銷存模組，設計 API 串接與流程自動化。 2.跨部門協作：直接與行銷、財務、人資及營運部門溝通，將需求轉化為規 格文件並落地開發。 3.資料分析與報表：設計資料庫架構，建立 BI 報表與決策支援系統。 4.系統維護與優化：持續優化系統效能與使用者體驗，進行資料庫調校與架 構優化。 5.資訊安全與權限管理：制定並落實資安規範，建立完整的帳號管理流程。 6.主管交辦事項

About the role… 「參與物流4.0的未來：與團隊共同打造智慧物流系統建置！」 永聯在尋找認真負責、耐心細心的MIS Leader，負責使用者協作平台/終端設備管理維護並對資安議題管理有一套堅持和理念，願意偕同部門進行資安準則部署，並偕同跨部門進行重要的專案。這個重要的角色，影響者公司大小員工的軟硬體的使用體驗和學習面向，也是公司提供管理效率和運作速度的重要角色 What you will do… 1.協同作業平台(Microsoft / Office 365)維運 2.使用者終端設備管理維護 3.辦公作業軟體授權安裝、分派、佈署等相關事務 4.資訊服務申請單受理、分派、紀錄等相關事務 5.變更申請與處理紀錄單受理、分派、紀錄等相關事務 6.網域名稱授權管理設定、續約作業 7.軟硬體合約維護、請款作業管理 8.專案進度協作管理 9.主管交辦事項 我們期待你樂於學習、找出最佳解決方案。 Who you are... 1. 喜歡學習，能研究跨領域專業 2. 擅長溝通，願意理解並整合不同需求 3. 勇於承擔，願意主動幫助其他同事 4. 團隊合作，與同伴一同解決問題，迎接新的科技挑戰 永聯物流開發的願景是「Change For Better」，並以「讓物流產業更簡單、更聰明、更永續」為目標，我們期待不同專業人才互相激盪，產出不同火花，歡迎你來探索，找尋人生職場更多可能性。 What skills are required 1. 資訊科技相關學歷，學(碩)士以上 2. 相關經驗至少5年相關經驗 3. 英文聽說讀寫程度中等 4. 熟悉OS操作: Windows、Linux 5. 熟悉微軟M365(O365)共同作業平台維運管理 6. 具PC維修/網路排查經驗 Know more about us...... 1. iThome：「物流新秀大膽翻轉臺倉儲作業，永聯靠IT賦予自動化設備神經」 　https://ppt.cc/fXeJPx 2. CIO Taiwan：「風雲人物專訪-永聯物流開發資訊科技處副總經理黃信銘」 　https://ppt.cc/fb6FFx

【About the role】 Hytech is seeking a forward-thinking Manager of Software Security Architecture to lead the strategy, development, and execution of a world-class application security program. This highly technical leadership role will define the vision for embedding security throughout the software development lifecycle (SDLC), including modern AI and machine learning platforms. The ideal candidate will have deep expertise in secure software development, application security engineering, CI/CD automation, and integrating security into traditional, cloud-native, and AI-enabled environments. You will lead a global team of security engineers, build scalable developer-focused security solutions, and shape security strategies across engineering, infrastructure, DevOps, and data science teams. What this job involves: [Program Ownership & Strategy]: 1. Own and advance the enterprise application security program, including vision, technical strategy, and execution. 2. Define and implement scalable, modern AppSec practices for cloud-native and AI-enabled development. 3. Represent application security in enterprise architecture, risk, and compliance initiatives. 4. Define KPIs to measure security posture and program effectiveness. [Leadership & Collaboration]: 1. Lead, mentor, and grow a global team of application security engineers and specialists. 2. Promote a proactive “shift-left” culture by embedding security throughout the SDLC. 3. Partner with development, DevOps, AI/ML, and product teams to integrate secure practices into software and data science workflows. 4. Build strong cross-functional relationships to drive security-first thinking and align investments with business value. [Security Tooling & Technical Implementation]: 1. Drive adoption and optimization of security tools (SAST, DAST, SCA, IAST, secrets scanning, etc.) in CI/CD workflows. 2. Design and deploy developer-friendly tools for threat modeling, code scanning, secrets detection, and dependency analysis. 3. Implement internal secure-by-default frameworks and reference architectures. [AI/ML Security]: 1. Collaborate with AI/ML teams to implement secure design patterns for model development, training pipelines, and service deployment. 2. Develop and enforce security controls for AI applications, including data integrity, robustness, governance, and prompt injection prevention. 3. Evaluate and integrate emerging tools for securing ML pipelines, generative AI models, and AI APIs. [Security Enablement, Education & Documentation]: 1. Build scalable security enablement programs, including secure coding workshops, bootcamps, and self-service resources/platforms. 2. Develop and maintain internal security documentation, policies, and standards. [Research & Continuous Improvement]: 1. Stay current on application security threats, AI security research, and best practices in cloud and software engineering.

1.執掌資訊部門，承接企業年度目標與策略，規劃年度資訊專案計劃及預算 2.瞭解相關單位對於資訊化之需求，評估合適之解決方案，協助整體資訊之發展與應用 3.負責資訊開發專案之進度管理，及過程中必要之溝通協調工作及專案風險之管理與排除，制定公司資訊短中長期規劃和發展策略 4.負責資訊系統的整合、規劃、建置、維運及優化作業（如鼎新ERP、Salesforce CRM、Workflow、官網、EC平台、Tableau等相關系統） 5.各外部營運站點網路系統架構規劃與維運管理 6.因應公司業務發展需求，研究及引入新技術或工具，持續改良及優化整體資訊應用 7.依循資安法規要求，建構公司資安管控機制與督導執行 8.其他主管交辦事項 需具備以下能力： -積極負責的態度及優秀的溝通與團隊管理能力 -喜歡接觸新事物、新技術，並自我不斷提升技術水準 -能從使用者角度進行設計及開發，並主動協助使用者透過系統改善工作效率 -具POS、CRM、鼎新ERP系統導入及維運經驗者佳 -具多站點網路規劃、維運經驗者佳

1.負責地端與IDC機房環境的設備管理與維運 2.建立與執行企業系統備份策略，定期稽核與還原演練 3.管理企業各類伺服器（AD、Mail、File、DB、應用伺服器等）之運作與效能 4.規劃與維護企業網路架構，管理網路及通訊設備（Switch、防火牆、VPN、VoIP等） 5.雲端應用服務（如Azure、AWS、Google Cloud）之帳號權限、資源與成本控管 6.跨部門溝通協調資訊系統、網路相關問題與專案導入 7.協助公司導入各類資訊系統，推動資訊作業流程標準化與自動化 8.協助資訊安全政策的制定與執行，包含ISO 27001/27701之制度維運與內部稽核 9.規劃資訊策略與發展藍圖，提供穩定、可擴展的IT架構 10.領導IT團隊，進行人員管理、工作分配與能力培育

1. 作為現有第三方軟體供應商的重要技術聯絡人，協助系統導入、整合與問題排除。 2. 協助規劃並追踨數位轉型專案的技術執行細節，包括 CRM (如 Salesforce)、組織內外網 站、 捐款系統、志工管理平台等。 3. 協助各個業務部門設定專案中技術相關的里程碑、解決問題、確保成功交付成果。 4. 撰寫與整理內部技術文件，並協助同仁提升使用數位工具的能力。 5. 支援與參與 IT 相關系統的日常維運、帳號管理與資訊安全基本措施。 6. 協助內部關人員研究和評估數位轉型技術適合選項、確保符合組織方向、目標。 7. 作為組織數位轉型的技術聯絡人，確保溝通清晰，與跨部門的終極目標一致。

【工作內容】 1. 依集團組織發展及各單位需求，進行公司資訊發展策略擬定、制定內部系統規劃、開發或導入系統和。 2. 協助集團制定數位轉型及AI應用之短中長期規劃。 3. 協助領導IT團隊統籌集團總部及門店軟硬體、網路和資料庫各項資訊系統建置、整合、優化與維護，確保系統的穩定性、安全性與以效能。 4. 熟網路資安系統規劃、建置與維護管理; 網路建置、伺服器主機及機房相關設備管理與備份/災難復原機制。 5. 資訊相關專案管理，從規劃到執行，確保達到預期的目標，包含且不限於POS、ERP、CRM、BPM、APP、訂位等系統整合優化及商業智慧系統(BI)導入及維運。 6. 協助部門管理與預算控制，領導團隊執行年度工作計畫，達成年度目標。 工作職責： 專案規劃/管理/執行 10%~20%，服務系統導入/開發/維運 60%~80%，資訊網路管理/維運 10%~20%。 總公司預計2025年11月搬遷至：遠雄商舟 北士科水岸商辦 https://www.ettoday.net/news/20250417/2936571.htm

【加入我們，一起推動企業數位轉型！IT熱血夥伴招募中】 TOTO台灣東陶正積極推動數位轉型（DX），期望透過科技應用全面提升各部門營運效率，強化整體同仁實務應用能力。 我們正在尋找一位對資訊科技充滿熱情、願意挑戰並樂於解決問題的儲備幹部，成為推動公司成長的重要夥伴！ 【工作內容】 1.DX企劃實踐 ● 協助公司進行數位轉型，確認及蒐集各部門問題及需求 ● 協助各單位進行流程優化、分析數位化的可行性 ● 協助現有數位工具的落地導入 (AI、UiPath、Power apps) ● 對微軟產品線有一定的了解及興趣(Power Platform系列) 2.DX專案管理 ● 實際參與各單位的專案進行，專案WBS管理及資源、風險管理 ● 公司同仁及廠商、工程師間的溝通窗口，有效協調專案項目 ● 依照需求判斷委由外部廠商協助，或內部自行開發 3.DX策略的持續改善 ● 主動審視公司相關業務，與經營層進行改善提案 ● DX成果的紀錄及KPI可視化，建立公司革新風氣，提高生產性 ● 現有數位人財的盤點，規劃提高員工的資訊素養及IT技能的方式 4.跨部門協作 ● 與日本資訊總部配合，確保與整體TOTO集團的資訊方向一致。 ● 能接觸完整的製造體制，從生產到販售、服務等流程體制 ● 與HR部門協力合作，建構易於工作及學習的職場環境 並協助建構完善的訓練環境，提升台灣TOTO整體競爭力。

(1) SAP系統MM系統之相關需求分析、規劃、維護及維運；需具SAP ERP 5 年以上經驗。 (2) SAP MM模組相關程式與文件版本控管；系統操作, 使用手冊之維護與教育訓練。 (3) 擅長系統規劃與開發/資訊流程與邏輯分析/Trouble Shooting /企業內流程分析與優化改善。 (4) 需熟悉SAP ABAP開發、維護(須有開發或維護 ALV、Enhancement、Smartforms、RFC 經驗) 。 (5) 有SAP 與其他系統整合開發經驗為佳。 (6) 須具備英語溝通能力。

我們正在尋找一位具備策略視野與實務操作能力的 資訊主管，協助企業推動數位轉型、系統整合與資訊安全管理， 成為串聯營運流程、優化數據應用的核心力量！ 主要工作內容如下： 1、擬定並推動公司中長期資訊系統發展策略，導入並整合適用工具（如 ERP、POS、SCM、APP、CRM系統等）。 2、主導資訊系統規劃與導入專案，協調跨部門需求與流程優化（如採購、庫存、門市營運等）。 3、帶領資訊團隊執行日常 IT 維運、使用者技術支援、設備管理等。 4、管理資訊基礎設施建置與維運，包括伺服器、網路、防火牆、VPN、印表機及其他硬體設備。 5、制定並執行資訊安全與備援政策，包含帳號權限管理、資料備份、防毒防駭更新及日常安全檢查。 6、企業 VPN 通道的建置與存取管理，確保遠端作業安全與連線穩定性。 7、配合公司資安政策，協助內部稽核與外部廠商之維護作業（如防火牆規則調整、資安系統更新、維護紀錄建檔等）。 8、管理與外部系統／設備供應商的溝通協調、維護跟進。 9、規劃與控管年度資訊預算，進行IT專案提案與績效追蹤。 10、其他主管交辦事項。 加分項目: ※ 曾參與企業資安制度導入（如 ISO 27001、PDPA 等）。 ※ 持有資訊相關證照（如 MCSA、CCNA、ITIL、CEH 基礎等）尤佳。 ※ 有電商、零售、物流等跨系統整合經驗者尤佳。

1. 領導資訊部門，負責公司資訊系統的規劃、管理及持續優化。 2. 推動數位化專案及數位轉型，並導入AI相關技術應用。 3. 與各部門協作，提供系統支援及技術解決方案。 4. 制定資訊系統政策，監控預算與資源，確保技術符合業務需求。 5. 建立標準作業流程，確保知識與技術的有效傳承。 6. 編列年度預算並負責執行管理。

Job Functions: The primary functions of an AFE is to manage the spares movement inbound and outbound the warehouse, resolution of minor incidents that are raised by our customers and assisting on parts deliveries to Field Engineers & Service Partner Engineers onsite. Incidents and changes can be related to Servers, tape libraries/drives, storage devices, printers, and various other pieces of equipment. Primary Workflow: Spares management inbound and outbound the warehouse Handle quarterly stock take in Local Warehouse & Service Partner Warehouses Onsite minor break-fix hardware maintenance (Hot swap hard disk replacement, cable reseat, etc) Conduct onsite physical & logical audits for proactive sparing. Perform quarterly onsite preventive maintenance per assigned customer. Handle spare parts deliveries to FE, SeP & client. Issuance of IMR’s, POR’s Assist VCA’s & BDA’s for investigating missing parts from stock counting. Customer communication Updating TRT internal procedures Learning additional technical and non-technical skills. Sourcing Local Service Partners Sourcing Local Logistic Partner / Supplier Required Deliverables: Ensure above 95% accuracy between NetSuite inventory database and actual TRT & SeP warehouse spares. Ensure all supported incidents or tickets are resolved within SLAs. Ensure all customer communication is prompt, professional and reliable. Ensure all commitments made to customers are met or re-scheduled with the customer’s knowledge and approval. Continuously learn additional technical and non-technical skills Escalate calls through the correct channels promptly. 24 x 7 Support Structure Comply fully with company policy to always protect the interests of TRT. Ensure local SeP is available for onsite requirements. Working with VCA team for local parts sourcing Accountabilities: Local ticket management/status monitoring and make sure they are resolved within SLAs. Warehouse inventory movement monitoring Ensure warehouse parts labelling & binning is compliant with TRT global standard Ensure procedures are properly followed when onsite Ensure on time support for spare parts Disaster Recovery: Coordination within FE / SeP team for urgent part requirement onsite Handle coordination & keep good working relationships with logistics and service partners. Coordination with known local vendors for urgent logistics sparing. Coordination with VCA, BDA & GSD division for parts needed for a call. Coordination with VCA, BDA & GSD division for inventory movement Appropriate escalation to Shift leader or Field Services Team Leader when necessary. Service Call Updates: Ensure timely updating to GSD & FE for calls requiring additional parts on-site. Ensure that all onsite service calls under your responsibility are updated to the GSD Team within the agreed Service Level of the client contract. OH&S Work Environment: Ensure that the warehouse or technical work areas remain clean and always organized. Ensure that you adhere to ESD procedures. Ensure that you adhere to all OHS requirements, including for lifting, cabling, rack mounting, and equipment in rooms that do not obstruct walkways.